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Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in English
On 2 October 1869, a person was born in India who, with his work and his hard work, shook the foundation of the British Empire in India, and uprooted it from the root.
Today we will give you information about a person who took birth in Porbandar, Gujarat, and uprooted the misrule spread all over India.
He was a lawyer by profession and an anti-colonial nationalist, who made many journeys to liberate India, many resistances and movements, many times went on hunger strike.
And put the whole of India in front of the British Empire, and the British Empire freed India from its restrictions by surrendering its power to the thin man.
Yes, in today’s essay you will get information about Mahatma Gandhi.
In today’s essay, we will tell you who Mahatma Gandhi was, where he was born, how much education he had received, what things he had done in his life, due to which he is remembered even today.
What difficulties did he face in overthrowing the British Empire and today we will know what the things are that we can learn from him and imbibe in our life in the context of Mahatma Gandhi.
Childhood and early life of Mahatma Gandhi
The childhood of the great Mahatma Gandhi was born and brought up in a Gujarati Hindu family, he was a Bania family.
Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 and Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar which was a small part of a town called Kathiawar.
At the time of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, his father Shri Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhiji used to work as the Diwan of Porbandar State.
Karamchand Gandhi had done four marriages and two of his wives died in his youth, and he had no children from the third marriage and in 1857 Karamchand sought permission for the fourth marriage and he married Putlibai, His maternal uncle was Junagadh.
Karamchand Gandhiji had 3 children with Putlibai, whose names were Laxmi Das, Raliyatben, and Karsandas.
On October 2, Putlibai gave birth to Mahatma Gandhi i.e. Mohandas. As a child, Mohan Das’s sister described Mahatma Gandhi as turbulent as mercury which was absolutely unstable.
According to the sister of Mahatma Gandhi, Mohan Das, and Mahatma Gandhi never sat in peace, they used to twist their ears to pass their time, sometimes they used to listen to stories, then they used to roam here and there, But did not sit in peace. He loved listening to the stories of Shravan Kumar Katha Harishchandra, and he has also mentioned it in his book.
Gandhiji learned a lot from the story of Harishchandra.
Mohandas’s parents Karamchand and Putlibai were both liberal and religious parents.
Mahatma Gandhi’s education books included the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagwat Purana, and a collection of 14 such texts.
Mahatma Gandhi’s mother was a very religious woman and she did not even think about food without praying during the day.
At the age of 9, Gandhi took admission to a local school near his home.
He studied subjects like arithmetic, history, and the fundamentals of the Gujarati language.
He also studied geography. Mohandas joined Alfred High School at the age of 11, in which he was an average student, he was not interested in sports and was a little shy student.
In 1883, Gandhi (13) married Kasturbai (14) & Kasturba Gandhi was also called “Ba”.
It was an arranged marriage. Gandhi said that at that time we did not know about all this. For us, marriage meant wearing new clothes, meeting new people, eating sweets, and jumping to play.
Gandhiji’s father Karamchand died in 1885 and Gandhi was only 16 years old when Kasturbai was 17 years old, then she had a child of Gandhiji. But that too died after some time.
The death of his father and his son caused great pain to Gandhiji. Gandhiji had four sons, the eldest son’s name was Harilal who was born in 1888, then Manilal who was born in 1892, Ramdas who was born in 1897, and Devdas who was born in 1900.
18-year-old Gandhiji graduated from High School in Ahmedabad in 1887.
In 1888, Gandhi left the cheapest college in Mumbai and thought it appropriate to go to London to study law.
The family refused a lot, but still, after refusing everyone, Gandhiji went to London to study. Harilal was Just born that year.
Gandhiji studied at University College London, which is a college of the University of London.
1891 When Gandhiji’s mother died, at that time in 1891 Gandhiji left London and returned to India, and he again started his law practice in Mumbai, but he failed because he was unable to solicit arguments with witnesses psychologically.
In Kathiawar, a man named Dada Dulha approached Gandhiji in 1893 and he told Gandhiji that his distant cousin needed a lawyer, so he decided to send a man of Kathiawari heritage as a lawyer.
Gandhiji also said yes to it. Like India, South Africa was also captured by the British Empire at that time.
He spent 21 years in South Africa and developed his political and moral views in the meantime when he left for South Africa to become a lawyer for a distant cousin during Abdullah’s time.
But he had to face a lot of apartheid in South Africa, where he was not allowed to sit in the stagecoach for European tours.
Once he was even thrown from the train and he kept chilling in the cold at the railway station for a whole night but even then he did not give up his tendency to protest.
In South Africa, he led many movements and protests for civil rights.
For whom even today a statue of Mahatma Gandhi has been built at Pietermaritzburg railway station.
This is a bronze statue. According to Nobel Peace Prize laureate Nelson Mandela, years later, Gandhi and his allies had served and helped Africans by opposing Naxalism.
Contribution of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in the independence of India
Mahatma Gandhi had put their effort into the Indian freedom struggle from 1915 to 1947.
And in the meantime, he made many movements and launched many campaigns, which became one of the many reasons, due to which the British left India and the British gave independence to India.
Mahatma Gandhi was internationally recognized as a nationalist theorist and community organizer celebrity.
Gandhi joined the Indian National Congress in 1915, and he took this admission along with Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the one who understood the Indian issue and Indian politics to Gandhi.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent leader of the Congress party and was known for his calm nature.
Gandhi’s role in the First World War
In 1918, when the First World War was going on, the Viceroy invited Gandhi for a conference in Delhi.
And the Viceroy put a condition to free India where he asked Indian soldiers to fight the war on the side of Britain and Indian soldiers were asked to join the war. Many leaders objected to this, but Gandhiji agreed to this.
Champaran Movement
The movement of Champaran became the first step of success for Gandhi, where he got justice for the farmers in Champaran in 1997, and for this, Gandhi Ji along with the farmers in Champaran.
The issue of Champaran was that the British landlords there forced the local farmers to grow an Indigofera crop to make indigo dye.
And its demand for two decades was decreasing considerably and due to this, he was forced to sell his crop to the plantation owners at a fixed price.
Unhappy with this, the farmers sought help from Gandhiji and for this, they appealed to him at Gandhiji’s ashram in Ahmedabad.
After this, Gandhiji, by adopting his strategy of nonviolent protest, Gandhiji also surprised the local administration and got a lot of concessions from the British.
Kheda Movement
In the Kheda movement, Gandhiji agitated to get justice for the farmers who were hit by the floods.
The issue here was that even after the floods, the British had imposed heavy taxes on the local farmers there and they were seeking freedom from them, but the British were not giving freedom to those farmers from their heavy taxes.
Gandhiji promised to rid the farmers of debt and Gandhiji worked very hard to get the support of the people across the country.
In this movement of 5 months, the British and the local administration refused to collect any kind of tax from the farmers during the flood period and relaxed the terms of payment.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel also represented the farmers’ factions and suspended the revenue collection.
Khilafat Movement
In the Khilafat movement in 1919, Gandhiji tried to get the support of Indian Muslims against the British Empire by supporting the Ottoman Empire because Hindu-Muslim riots were very common at that time.
At that time Mahatma Gandhi realized that if we want to achieve political progress against the British, then for this we all have to fight together and for this Hindu-Muslim cooperation was necessary.
So he took advantage of the Khilafat movement and demonstrated and supported the Indian Muslims in support of the Khilafat movement in India and as a result, a section of Indian Indian Muslims joined the British because of Gandhi’s recognition of the Sunni Islamic Caliphate in Turkey.
Supported India in this war against By 1922, the Khilafat movement was completely over.
Non-Cooperation Movement
Mahatma Gandhi, in his book “Hind Swaraj”, which he wrote in 1909, declared that the rule of the British Empire on Indian soil was established only with the cooperation of Indians, and that is why he survived.
If the Indians completely refused to cooperate with the British Empire, the British Empire would basically fall. And British Swaraj will automatically collapse.
Mahatma Gandhi talked with the Viceroy that if he passed the Rowlatt Act, he would start a civil disobedience movement with the Indians.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was organized in protest against the Rowlatt Act.
In this, on 30 March 1919, the British opened fire on the unarmed Satyagrahi.
After this, people started a boycott movement against the British, in which they started boycotting British goods completely and in response, the British arrested Mahatma Gandhi on 2 April.
After this, there was more uproar and on 13 April 1919 people with women and children gathered in a park in Amritsar and for some time a British officer named Reginald Dyer surrounded all those people and attacked them all at once.
Opened fire, in which hundreds of Sikhs and Hindu citizens were killed like this. Due to this massacre, many people objected to Gandhi’s non-violent response.
Salt Satyagraha Salt March Dandi March
In March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started one of his satyagraha against the salt tax in the British Empire.
In which Gandhiji sent a personal address letter to the Viceroy of India Lord Irwin on March 2 and in that he gave him an ultimatum and condemned the British rule, calling it a curse, calling on salt Gandhiji called it very inhuman.
And Gandhi also told that the Viceroy used to get 5000 times the salary of India’s average income and that is why he should remove the tax on this salt.
From March 12 to April 6, Gandhi traveled to Dandi for the Salt March. Gandhiji along with his 78 volunteers traveled 388 km from Ahmedabad to Dandi and even thousands of people joined Gandhiji. Gandhiji stopped at a distance of about 100 yards from the stockade and stood there.
On the orders of the British administration, the policemen started raining sticks on the heads of all those people, many people fell, became unconscious, some people broke their hands and shoulders.
Some people had broken skulls. But not a single person showed any aggressive resistance. More than 300 protesters were seriously injured. In which 2 people were killed.
But still, no one did a deadly attack on the police. After this the British arrested Gandhi and after that, the women started this march. After which the British withdrew the tax imposed on salt.
Quit India Movement
This movement was carried out in 1942, where “Quit India” was called along with fierce sloganeering in Mumbai, in which the call of “British to Quit India” was given by the common people.
This was the biggest revolt of the Congress party in association with Gandhi, in which he revolted against the British because at that time the aim of Gandhiji was to get the British out of India.
The British reacted immediately to this and Gandhiji was immediately arrested and this work was done in just a few hours. In 1942, Gandhiji was 73 years old and for some time he stopped doing any kind of work with the British government.
This arrest of Gandhiji lasted for 2 years and on 22 February 1944, Gandhi’s wife Kasturba Bai died.
The Quit India Movement was a complete failure in a way, but still, a sense of anarchy arose in the hearts of the people. And people stopped any kind of relationship and help or taking with the British.
Gandhi was released immediately on 6 May 1944. The British did not want Gandhi to die in jail and pose any threat to the British presence in the country.
After this, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leading the Muslim League, started fighting to divide India and as a Direct Action Day, Muslims started killing Hindus in Kolkata, and as a result, Hindus started killing Muslims.
Due to this, it was decided to create Pakistan in view of the growing anarchy, which was agreed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
What can we learn from Gandhiji?
Gandhiji’s life was full of many variations and many ups and downs were seen in his life, but if we take a summary of all of them, then there are many such things in it that can be learned from Gandhiji.
Whenever we want to show our anger against a human or want to show consent towards him, then non-violence is a very good path for him, it is not necessary that every time we cut people’s throats with sticks or swords.
Sometimes the problem can be solved even by hugging.
Telling the truth should be a part of a person’s life if a person does not speak the truth in his life then he gets buried under the burden of lies and finally his condition becomes pathetic mentally and physically.
The greatest quality of a human being is to forgive. If a person has the ability to forgive the offender, then the person can be considered a superior species of human beings.
Concentration is very important in a person’s life, if a person remains focused and certain about his work, then that person never staggers about his goal and always achieves it.
We can learn from Gandhiji the art of staying positive even after knowing the negative effects. Because being positive gives positive energy to our activities and this is also one of the best things we can learn from Gandhiji.
So in today’s essay, you have got complete information about Gandhiji.
Today you got the information about how was the early life of Gandhiji, what movements and campaigns did Gandhiji run in the country for independence, what was his contribution to the independence of the country, and finally, we got to know what we can learn from Gandhiji. We hope that you have found this article informative.
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